| Kambodschas Medien – Eine Einführung
Martin Ritter
Since beginning of the democratic transformation 1993 began a liberalisation course of the Cambodian media system. Many new media companies developed. Despite this positive development, numerous deficits can be determined. Media are in the possession of the government, contents are controlled and journalists are not enough qualified. These deficits will stop the next years. A large step toward democratic system is not to be expected. Introductory this article shows the structure of the media systems of Cambodia. It is basis for the next articles.
The next articles analyze, in what respect the mass media the Khmer-Rouge-Trial support. 15 students answered to this question from different view. Thus arrive the political participants, the medium enterprises and the recipients into the focus. The students will show whether mass media contribute to the acceptability of the Khmer-Rouge-Trial.
Keywords: Cambodia, Khmer Rouge, media, media system
Printjournalismus in Kambodscha
David Jalilvand, Felix Krebber, Charlotte Prümmer
The following study describes print-journalism in Cambodia regarding journalists in the context of the media system, their cultural and social standards, functions of media system, roles of journalists and political and social structures. The structure of the analysis reflects on “onion model” by Weischenberg. The qualitative study is based on interviews made while accompanying print journalists of native-language and foreign-language in Phnom Penh. An important aspect are effects of Khmer-Rouge-trial on the media system. A main focus is on working-conditions of journalists, freedom of press and its threats like corruption and repression. One of the main findings is the weak role of print journalism in the democratic system. In spite of all positive transformation there is a need to support print journalism in Cambodia during its process of transformation.
Keywords: Cambodia, media, print-journalism, freedom of press, working conditions
Journalistinnen in Kambodscha - Barrieren und Kompensationsstrategien
Friederike Günther, Elise Laatz, Sabrina Schmidt
The following study concentrates on the working conditions, resources and strategies of female journalists in Cambodia. It acts on the theory of Gender Mainstreaming which says present gender hierarchies are based on socially constructed role attribution. Its main object is to find out weather there are ambitious and prospective actors for supporting a transformation towards gender equality. Thus the study's focus lies on the correlation between traditional role expectations (understanding) and the requirements and potentials of a modern, ambitious generation of women in the media sector. The „3R-methode“, a regular instrument of Gender Mainstreaming, was used to develop central questions in depth interviews. These were conducted with 11 female journalists and employees of different Cambodian radio stations. One of the main findings is that most of the women use their job to influence the social image of women in a positive way. Their social engagement indicates them trying to promote an improvement of the social and medial status of women.
Keywords: Cambodia, broadcast, media, women, Womens Media Center (WMC)
Die Medienkompetenz der kambodschanischen Bevölkerung.
Eine qualitative Studie zur Erforschung der
Medienkritikfähigkeit
Martin Adam, Juliane Binder, Theresa Steffens
This study deals with the media ability and expectations of cambodian receivers in the con-text of the so-called „Khmer Rouge Trial“. The Khmer Rouge, a political movement which claimed to develop communism based on the traditional rural population, controlled Cambodia between 1975 an 1979. During the time of their rule, Cambodians had no access to any media. According to Freedom House it wasn´t until 2006 that the cambodian press could be seen as “partly free”. In the course of research on the spot interviews with 18 cambodians between the age of 20 and the age of 69 were made. The interviewees were distinguished by residence (city or countryside) and wealth (upper middle class, lower middle class and lower class). Based on the media ability concept by Groeben, these interviews consisted of three main parts: Questions concerning the interviewee´s average media use, their knowledge and opinion about the trial and their comprehension and opinion in concern of differently biased stimuli. This method enabled us to ex-amine whether the interviewed Cambodians are used to media perception, if they are able to identify and understand different political opinions offered by the media and how aware of the function of the media. The main finding is a distinct correlation between the media ability and the position within the social hierarchy but rather unexpectedly no serious differences between people from the city and those from the countryside could be found. This study mainly confirms a strong connection between wealth and education as a necessary precondition for media ability.
Keywords: Cambodia, media, Khmer Rouge, broadcast, press, television
Zivilgesellschaftliche Beteiligung am Rote Khmer-Tribunal.
Rolle und Strategien nationaler und internationaler NGOs
Nils Meinzer
National and international NGOs are important actors of Cambodia’s civil society. Some of them are focusing their work on the Khmer Rouge-Tribunal that currently takes place. The following study describes the role of the involved organizations and analyzes the strategies of the NGOs and the extent they are able to contribute to the trial’s success. The results of the study are based on expert interviews with executives of 9 local and international NGOs. The key findings are underscoring that especially the NGO’s efforts of conducting outreach programs and disseminating information to the rural population could be regarded as critical success factors. In addition the NGOs try to ensure the fairness of the legal procedure by monitoring the court and reporting possible legal violations.
Keywords: Cambodia, NGOs, civil society, strategies (monitoring, lobbying, outreach, information dissemination) |
